Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)

NAD+ precursor, cellular energy metabolism activation, anti-aging

An intermediate in the niacinamide → NMN → NAD+ biosynthesis pathway. Potentially more efficient at raising NAD+ levels as it requires one fewer step to convert to NAD+ than niacinamide. SIRT1 activation → Mitochondrial function improvement

0.01-1% in cosmetics (topical clinical data is still developing)

Extensive research for oral use, but topical efficacy onset data is limited

Transdermal absorption efficiency is under investigation. Niacinamide has more abundant evidence as a topical ingredient. Expensive raw material

Yoshino et al. (2021) 'Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity' PubMed (oral study). Large-scale topical clinical data is lacking